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Research

Scientific References

Below is a selection of the peer-reviewed literature consulted when designing the Axavive formula. References are provided for educational purposes and do not represent product claims.

Last updated: May 26, 2026

These references describe research on individual botanical constituents, not on the finished Axavive product. The U.S. Food and Drug Administration has not evaluated the statements on this page. Axavive is not intended to diagnose, treat, cure or prevent any disease. See our Terms of Service for the full health disclaimer.

Bacopa

Bacopa monnieri — Bacopa is a traditional Ayurvedic herb whose bacoside compounds have been studied for cognitive support and antioxidant activity in clinical literature.

  1. Stough C, Downey LA, Lloyd J, et al. (2008). Examining the nootropic effects of a special extract of Bacopa monnieri on human cognitive functioning: 90 day double-blind placebo-controlled randomized trial. Phytotherapy Research, 22(12), 1629–1634. doi:10.1002/ptr.2537
  2. Calabrese C, Gregory WL, Leo M, et al. (2008). Effects of a standardized Bacopa monnieri extract on cognitive performance, anxiety, and depression in the elderly: a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial. Journal of Alternative and Complementary Medicine, 14(6), 707–713. doi:10.1089/acm.2008.0018
  3. Aguiar S, Borowski T. (2013). Neuropharmacological review of the nootropic herb Bacopa monnieri. Rejuvenation Research, 16(4), 313–326. doi:10.1089/rej.2013.1431

Pine Bark

Pinus pinaster — French maritime pine bark is rich in oligomeric proanthocyanidins (OPCs), a class of plant polyphenols studied for their role in supporting circulation and skin elasticity.

  1. Rohdewald P. (2002). A review of the French maritime pine bark extract (Pycnogenol®), a herbal medication with a diverse clinical pharmacology. International Journal of Clinical Pharmacology and Therapeutics, 40(4), 158–168. doi:10.5414/cpp40158
  2. Marini A, Grether-Beck S, Jaenicke T, et al. (2012). Pycnogenol® effects on skin elasticity and hydration coincide with increased gene expressions of collagen type I and hyaluronic acid synthase in women. Skin Pharmacology and Physiology, 25(2), 86–92. doi:10.1159/000335261
  3. Schoonees A, Visser J, Musekiwa A, Volmink J. (2012). Pycnogenol® (extract of French maritime pine bark) for the treatment of chronic disorders. Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews, (4), CD008294. doi:10.1002/14651858.CD008294.pub3

Panax Ginseng

Panax ginseng — A classical adaptogen used in East Asian herbalism for centuries. Standardized ginsenoside extracts have been studied for general vitality and resilience.

  1. Geng J, Dong J, Ni H, et al. (2010). Ginseng for cognition. Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews, (12), CD007769. doi:10.1002/14651858.CD007769.pub2
  2. Choi KT. (2008). Botanical characteristics, pharmacological effects and medicinal components of Korean Panax ginseng C A Meyer. Acta Pharmacologica Sinica, 29(9), 1109–1118. doi:10.1111/j.1745-7254.2008.00869.x
  3. Kennedy DO, Scholey AB. (2003). Ginseng: potential for the enhancement of cognitive performance and mood. Pharmacology, Biochemistry, and Behavior, 75(3), 687–700. doi:10.1016/s0091-3057(03)00126-6

Astragaloside

Astragalus membranaceus — A naturally occurring saponin found in Astragalus root. The compound has been the focus of research on cellular wellness and immune balance.

  1. Liu P, Zhao H, Luo Y. (2017). Anti-aging implications of Astragalus membranaceus (Huangqi): a well-known Chinese tonic. Aging and Disease, 8(6), 868–886. doi:10.14336/AD.2017.0816
  2. Auyeung KK, Han QB, Ko JK. (2016). Astragalus membranaceus: a review of its protection against inflammation and gastrointestinal cancers. American Journal of Chinese Medicine, 44(1), 1–22. doi:10.1142/S0192415X16500014
  3. Ren S, Zhang H, Mu Y, Sun M, Liu P. (2013). Pharmacological effects of Astragaloside IV: a literature review. Journal of Traditional Chinese Medicine, 33(3), 413–416. doi:10.1016/s0254-6272(13)60189-2

Centella

Centella asiatica — Also known as gotu kola, centella contains triterpenes (asiaticoside, madecassoside) traditionally used to support healthy skin and connective tissue.

  1. Bylka W, Znajdek-Awiżeń P, Studzińska-Sroka E, Brzezińska M. (2013). Centella asiatica in cosmetology. Postępy Dermatologii i Alergologii, 30(1), 46–49. doi:10.5114/pdia.2013.33378
  2. Brinkhaus B, Lindner M, Schuppan D, Hahn EG. (2000). Chemical, pharmacological and clinical profile of the East Asian medical plant Centella asiatica. Phytomedicine, 7(5), 427–448. doi:10.1016/S0944-7113(00)80065-3
  3. Gohil KJ, Patel JA, Gajjar AK. (2010). Pharmacological review on Centella asiatica: a potential herbal cure-all. Indian Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences, 72(5), 546–556. doi:10.4103/0250-474X.78519

Cistanche

Cistanche tubulosa — A desert botanical traditionally used in Chinese herbalism. Echinacoside and verbascoside from Cistanche are studied for antioxidant activity.

  1. Li Z, Lin H, Gu L, Gao J, Tzeng CM. (2016). Herba Cistanche (Rou Cong-Rong): one of the best pharmaceutical gifts of traditional Chinese medicine. Frontiers in Pharmacology, 7, 41. doi:10.3389/fphar.2016.00041
  2. Wang T, Zhang X, Xie W. (2012). Cistanche tubulosa (Schenk) R. Wight: an overview of its chemistry, pharmacology, and pharmacokinetics property. Journal of Ethnopharmacology, 142(1), 1–17. doi:10.1016/j.jep.2012.04.020
  3. Jiang Y, Tu PF. (2009). Analysis of chemical constituents in Cistanche species. Journal of Chromatography A, 1216(11), 1970–1979. doi:10.1016/j.chroma.2008.07.031

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